Sindh has a geographical area of 140,900 square kilometers. The Province lies between 23 and 29 degree north latitude (near tropic of cancer) and 67 and 71 degrees east longitude. The Province is surrounded by land in all directions expect there is Arabian sea in the south west. It is bordered with Rann of Kachh in south, Rajastan in east, Punjab province in north-east and Baluchistan in north and west. In the extreme west are the barren Kirthar Mountains; to the east is the great Indian desert, partly known as Thar desert.

The lower Indus plain has been formed by the meandering and shifting courses of Indus river. In the basin of Indus the earliest civilization came into existence (Pithawala, 1938). The mighty river Indus is flowing from the worlds highest mountains into the Arabian Sea. The colossal flow of Indus water has brought for Sindh rich silt and sandy loam, from northern areas which enhance the fertility of the soil.

Remains excavated at Moen-jo-Daro in Larkana district dateback to Pre-Aryan civilization of 3000 BC. Main crops at the time as revealed through excavation were barley, Wheat, Pea and Sesamum. It is inferred from the relics of cloth that cotton was also grown there. Therefore, it is believed that the advancement of agriculture has been existing in this region since pre-historic times.

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